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Communications Interoperability
The earth has been orbited by satellites for many decades now which have been one of the main contributing factors to the rise of global Communications Interoperability. For example, Satellite cell phones have helped a great deal in making phone calls from any part of the world, be it even the most remote corner of the world. They have been immensely helpful in the coordination of different activities like military operations and scientific exploration. Another useful technology comes in the form of Portable satellite radio which has come up in the recent years. This technology allows its users to subscribe and access all the radio channels across the world for information or entertainment purposes.
A simple application of any random satellite, irrespective of whether it belongs to a low earth orbital category or geosynchronous category, is to transmit information between a station and a satellite. The transmission of information from an originating Earth station to the particular satellite concerned is known as “up-linking”. This is followed by the re-transmission of the same data back to the concerned Earth station, which is known as “down-linking”. This down-linking of data can be either a particular Earth station or it can be broadcasted over a specific number of stations, located at a larger area.
For a satellite to be able to perform these functions, it has to have a transmit antenna and a transmitter, a receive antenna and a receiver, similar to a set of walkie-talkie, containing a transmitter and a receiver along with an antenna, although in this case, the “transmitting” and the “receiving” are carried out through the same antenna. Satellites need separate antennas for receiving and transmitting signals. In addition to that, satellites also have electronic switches, which are used to switch the uplink signals logically, and to downlink them to the concerned Earth stations. It also consists of a black electronic box to help in determining the destinations of the signals that are being down-linked to the specific Earth stations. The electrical power in a satellite is very important as it is the backbone of the electronic circuitry and keeps it alive. The exact structure of different satellites may differ from one another, depending upon their specific applications.
However, the basic component structure and requirements tend to be the same. This aids us in Communications Interoperability. The electrical power required by satellites in order to transmit and receive signals depends a great deal on their orbital paths, i.e. whether they are low Earth or Geosynchronous orbital satellites. The requirement of electrical power for any satellite generally depends on its height above the Earth. The higher the satellite is that much power it needs for all its basic operations. Since a geosynchronous satellite is at a much higher altitude than a low orbital satellite, it would need more electrical power than the latter. A solar energy system or a battery is normally used to provide power. In some communication satellites, a combination of solar power energy and battery is used.
Satellite Communications Interoperability Systems, having the advantage to uplink and downlink signals to multiple stations on the Earth, are helping a great deal in providing coverage to the whole world.
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